Thursday, January 31, 2008

Dharma vs. Religion

Translation is the trickiest job, because very often words represent concepts unique to a particular culture. For example, dharma is a concept unique to Indian culture. It denotes a way of life, your duties, etc. It is a dynamic concept- one's dharma varies as per situation and role. One may follow separate dharmas of a son, a father, a husband, a citizen, etc. at the same time. It follows, therefore, that religion can never be its English equivalent.
In Indian context, a concept parallel to that of religion, was that of 'mat', and followers of one belief used to be called mataavalambis. In ancient times, jains, vaishnavas/sanatanis, shaivas were denoted as different mataavalambis.
Is Hinduism a religion? It can not be. The word itself is of medieval origin and draws from a Persian word 'Hindu' meaning black, as in Hindukush mountains.Hindus came to be known as Hindus through Mughals; there is no such word in ancient scriptures. Some people link this word with 'Sindhu'and say that 'Hindu' word was used to denote people living on this side of Sindhu (Indus) river.But whatever the origin, even if Hinduism is a dharma, it can never be confined to a different concept, that of religion.